Prospective Financial Planning.
In organization financial planning of activities can be divided into three types. They are different depending on the type of drawing up plan and depending on the term during which it should be developed. Financial planning can be: operative, current and prospective (strategic).
Prospective financial planning covers the period from one year to three years. It consists of the development of the financial strategy of the enterprise and financial forecasting.
Financial strategy of enterprise – these are long-term objectives of financial activity of the company and choosing of the most effective ways to achieve them. The financial strategy should also be consistent with the overall strategy of the company, although it also has impact on the overall strategy of the organization.
The formation of the financial strategy of the enterprise consists of the following steps:
• Identification of the implementation period of the strategy;
• Analysis of factors that have some influence on the external environment of the company;
• Formation of strategic objectives of financial activity;
• Developing of financial policies of the company;
• Developing a system of measures to ensure the financial strategy of the company;
• Assessment of financial strategy.
While developing the financial strategy of the company it is very important to understand clearly and honestly and to determine the period of the strategy correctly.
Much attention in the process of forming a financial strategy we should pay to the analysis of environmental factors, the study of economic and legal conditions for financial firms. It is also important to pay particular attention to the study of risk of factors and trends that take place in the market segment of enterprise, to record and to take into account currency fluctuations and direction of economic policy of the country.
The next stage of the financial strategy of the company is a formation some strategic objectives of financial activity. The main objective should be connected with maximizing the market value of the enterprise. All goals should be formulated more clearly and concisely. The objectives should be reflected in concrete indicators-regulators. Usually, as the strategic we use such indicators as:
• Average annual growth rate of its own financial resources;
• Internal rate of return of the company;
• Ratio of working capital and fixed assets of the company, etc.
On the basis of the financial strategy of the company we can form financial policies of the company on specific areas of financial activity: tax, depreciation, dividend, emission, etc.
Next we should develop system of measures ensuring the implementation of financial strategy, we should define the rights, obligations and liabilities of heads of departments and divisions of the company for the results of the financial strategy of the company.
On the final stage of the development of the financial strategy of the company we should evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy.
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